Workplace Spirituality as a Mediator to Individual Spirituality and Organizational Performance in a Hospitality Business: An Evidence from Hotel X, Clarkfield, Angeles City, Pampanga, Philippines
Abstract
Through this study, we want to determine whether workplace spirituality has mediating effects between individual's spirituality and organizational performance in a hospitality business in Hotel X, Clarkfield, Angeles City, Pampanga, Philippines. We used the Spirituality Assessment Scale developed by Hamilton Beazley, PhD targeting one hundred twenty-nine respondents. As far as we have known, our study may serve as one of the pioneering studies of spirituality in the hospitality industry. Overall, hotel employees (the management and rank-and-file) are relatively more spiritual as shown on the Spirituality Assessment Scale, which are made up of two dimensions: spirituality definitive dimension and spirituality correlated dimension. The correlational analysis showed that the employees’ spirituality moves in the same direction as to how employees find meaning and purpose to their work and how they perceived organizational performance. Also, there is no significant difference on the assessment of the spirituality and organizational performance among the employees based on the respondents’ level of education, except under the components of inner life, meaning at work & personal responsibility. Hence, we encouraged businesses in the hospitality industry to promote spiritual activities in the workplace
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Anderson, A. (2007). Spirituality as an integral part of education for health. Physical &Health Education Journal, 73(1), 14.
Ashforth, B. E., & Johnson, S. A. 2001. Which hat to wear? The relative salience of multiple identities in organizational contexts. In M. A. Hogg & D. J. Terry (Eds.), Social identity processes in organizational contexts: 31-48. Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
Ashmos, D. P., and Duchon, D.: 2000, Spirituality at work: A conceptualization and measure. Journal of Management Inquiry, 9(2), 134-145.
Balazas, A. L.: 1990, ‘Value Congruency: The Case of the ‘Socially Responsible’ Firm’,Journal of Business Research 20, pp. 171–181.
Beazley, H. (1998). Meaning and measurement of spirituality in organizational settings: Development of a spirituality assessment scale. Dissertation Abstracts International, 58(12), 4718A. (UMI No. 9820619)
Blando, J. A. (2006). Spirituality, religion, and counseling. Counseling and Human Development, 39(2), 1.
Bolino M. C., Varela J. A., Bande B., Turnley W. H. (2006). The impact of impression-management tactics on supervisor ratings of organizational citizenship behaviour. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27,281–297. doi: 10.1002/job.379
Brady, A.(2019). Religion vs. Spirituality: What Is the Difference? The Chopra Center. https://chopra.com/articles/religion-vs-spirituality-what-is-the-difference.
Brewer, M. B., & Gardner, W. 1996. Who is this “we”? Levels of collective identity and self representations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71: 83-93
Brewer, M. B., & Kramer, R. M. (1985). The psychology of intergroup attitudes and behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 36, 219-243. doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.36.020185.001251
Brickson, S. L. & Brewer, M. B. (2001). Identity orientation and intergroup relations in organizations. In M.A. Hogg and D.J. Terry (Eds.), Social identity processes in organizational contexts: Psychology Press.
Brown, R. B.: 2003, Organizational Spirituality: The Sceptic's Version. Organization. Vol. 10; 393-400.
Burke, M. T., Chauvin, J. C., & Miranti, J. G. (2005). Religious and spiritual issues in counseling: Applications across diverse populations. New York: Brunner-Routledge.
Cable, D.M., & DeRue, D.S. (2002). The convergent and discriminant validity of subjective fit perceptions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 875–884.
Cash, K., and Gray, G.: 2000, A framework for accommodating religion and spirituality in the workplace. Academy of Management Executive, 14(3), 124-134.
Cavanagh, G. F. and Bandsuch, M. R.: 2002, Virtue as a Benchmark for Spirituality in Business. Journal of Business Ethics. Vol. 38, No:1-2; pp. 109-117.
Cavanagh, G.: 1999, Spirituality for managers: context and critique. Journal of Organizational Change Management. 12(3), 186
Crisp, R. J., & Hewstone, M. (1999). Differential evaluation of crossed category groups: Patterns, processes, and reducing intergroup bias. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 2, 303-333.
Dent, E. B., Higgins, M. E.,Wharff, D. M.: 2005, Spirituality and Leadership: An Empirical Review of Definitions, Distinctions, and Embedded Assumptions. The Leadership Quarterly. Vol. 16 (5).
Dovidio, J. F., Gaertner, S. L., Validzic, A., Matoka, K., Johnson, B., & Frazier, S. (1997). Extending the benefits of re-categorization: Evaluations, self-disclosure and helping. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 33, 401-420
Fairholm, M. R. (2004a). A new sciences outline for leadership development. Leadership & Organizational Development Journal, 25, 369.
Fernando, M.: 2005, Workplace spirituality: Another management fad?, in M. Adams and A.
Alkhafaji (eds.), Business Research Yearbook: Global Business Perspectives, Volume XII, No. 2, International Academy of Business Disciplines.
Fleming, K. Y. (2004). Soulful leadership: Leadership characteristics of spiritual leaders contributing to increased meaning in life and work. Dissertation Abstracts International, 65(01), 211A. (UMI No. 3120403)
Fornaciari, C., Lund Dean, K. and McGee, J. J.: 2003, Research in spirituality, religion, and
work: Walking the line between relevance and legitimacy. Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 16 No.4, pp.378-395.
Fry, L. W. (2003). Towards a theory of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 14, 693.
Garcia-Zamor, J.: 2003, Workplace Spirituality and Organizational Performance. Public Administration Review. Vol. 63 (3), pp. 355–363.
Garg, N., 2017. Workplace Spirituality and Employee Well-being: An Empirical Exploration. Journal of Human Values, 23(2), pp.129-147.
Garg, N., Punia, B. and Jain, A., (2019). Workplace Spirituality and Job Satisfaction: Exploring Mediating Effect of Organization Citizenship Behaviour. Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective, 23(3), pp.287-296.
Garg, N. (2020). Promoting organizational performance in Indian insurance industry: The roles of workplace spirituality and organizational citizenship behaviour. Global Business Review, 21(3), 834-849.
Giacalone, R. A., and C. L. Jurkiewicz: 2003a, Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
Giacalone, R. A., Paul, K., and Jurkiewicz, C. L. (2005). A preliminary investigation into the role of positive psychology in consumer sensitivity to corporate social performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 58:295–305.
Gibbons C. (2000) The structure of the central stalk in bovine F(1)-ATPase at 2.4 A resolution. Nat Struct Biol 7(11):1055-61
Gratton, C. (1992). The art of spiritual guidance. New York: Crossroad Publishing.
Guillory, W. A. (2002). Spirituality in the workplace: A guide for adapting to the chaotically
changing workplace. Salt Lake City, UT: Innovations International.
Hall, K. (2020). Sharecare. What is the difference between spirituality and religion?. https://www.sharecare.com/health/spiritual-wellness-religion/what-difference-between-spirituality-religion
Haslam, S. A., Powell, C., and Turner, J.C. (2000). “Social Identity, Self Categorization, and Work Motivation: Rethinking the contribution of the group to positive and sustainable organizational outcomes.” Applied Psychology: An International Review, 49 (3), 319-339.Health Education Journal, 73(1), 14.
Hassan, M., Bin Nadeem. A. and Akther A. (2016). Impact of workplace spirituality on job satisfaction: mediating effect of trust. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2016.1189808
Hewstone, M. , R. Martin, C. Hammer-Hewstone, R.J. Crisp, and A. Voci. 2001. Majority-minority relations in organizations: Challenges and opportunities. In Social identity processes in organizational contexts, eds M.A. Hogg and D.J. Terry, 67-86. Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.
Kale, S. H., & Shrivastava, S. (2003). The enneagram system for enhancing workplace spirituality. The Journal of Management Development, 22(4), 308.
Karakas, F. (2010). Spirituality and Performance in Organizations: A Literature Review https://www.researchgate.net/publication/46175499_Spirituality_and_Perform ance_in_Organizations_A_Literature_Review.
King, S. M. (2007). Religion, spirituality, and the workplace challenges for public administration. Public Administration Review, 67(1), 103.
Kolodinsky, R.W., Giacalone, R.A. &Jurkiewicz, C.L. Workplace Values and Outcomes: Exploring Personal, Organizational, and Interactive Workplace Spirituality. J Bus Ethics 81, 465–480 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-
-0
Lisagor, P. (2020). Sharecare. What is the difference between spirituality and religion?. https://www.sharecare.com/health/spiritual-wellness-religion/what-difference-betwee n-spirituality-religion
Kinjerski, V. M. and B. J. Skrypnek: 2004, ‘Defining Spirit at Work: Finding Common Ground’, Journal of Organizational Change Management 17(1), 26–42.
Liedtka, J. M.: 1989, ‘Value Congruence: The Interplay of Individual and Organizational Value Systems’,Journal of Business Ethics 8, pp. 805–815.
Lips-Wiesman, M.S. 2003. “Making Conscious Choices in Doing Research in Workplace Spirituality.” Journal of Organizational Change Management, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 406-425.
Manikandan, K. (2011). Nutritional and Medicinal Values of Mushrooms. In M. Singh, B. Vijay, S. Kamal, & G. C. Wakchaure (Eds.), Mushrooms Cultivation, Marketing and Consumption (pp. 11-14). Solan: Directorate of Mushroom Research.
Marques, J., Dhiman, S., & King, R. (2005). Spirituality in the workplace: Developing an integral model and a comprehensive definition. Journal of American Academy of Business, 7, 81.
McCarty, W. B. (2007). Prayer in the workplace: Risks and strategies to manage them. Business Renaissance Quarterly, 2(1), 97.
McCormick, D. W. (2006). Indoctrination, diversity, and teaching about spirituality and religion in the workplace. Organizational Management Journal, 3(2), 77.
Milliman, J., Czaplewski, A. and Ferguson, J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and employee work attitudes. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(4), pp.426-447.
Mousa, M., & Alas, R. (2016). Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: A study on the public schools teachers in Menoufia (Egypt). African Journal of Business Management, 10(10), 247-255.
Moxley, R. S. (2000). Leadership & spirit: Breathing new vitality and energy into individuals
and organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Mujib, M., (2018). Workplace Spirituality to Increase Institutions’ Commitment And Meaning Of Life. Epistemé: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman, 13(1).
Naidoo, J. (2014, April 5). The importance of diversity in library programs and material
collections for children. An ALSC whitepaper. Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/alsc/sites/ala.org.alsc/files/content/ALSCwhitepaper_importance%20of% 20diversity_with%20graphics_FINAL.,pdf
Onorato, R.S., & Turner, J.C. (2001). The “I,” the “me,” and the “us”: The psychological group and self-concept maintenance and change. In C. Sedikides & M. B. Brewer (Eds.), Individual self, relational self, collective self (pp. 147-170). Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
O’Brien, M. E. (2002). Spirituality in nursing: Standing on holy ground. Sudbury, MA: jones and Bartlett Publishers.
O'Reilly, C. A., J. Chatman and D. Caldwell: 1991, ‘People and Organizational Culture: A Q-sort Approach to Assessing Person-Organizational Fit’,Academy of Management Journal 34(3), pp. 487–516.
Organ, D. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (2006). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature, antecedents, and consequences. USA: Sage Publications, Inc.
Palmer, P.: 1994, Leading from within: out of the shadow, into the light. In Conger, J. (Ed.), Spirit at Work, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA
Paloutzian, R. F., Emmons, R. A., & Keortge, S. G. (2003). Spiritual well-being, spiritual intelligence, and healthy workplace policy. In R. A. Giacalone & C. L. Jurkiewicz (Eds.), Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance (pp.123-136). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
Posner, B. Z., J. M. Kouzes and W. H. Schmidt: 1985, ‘Shared Values Make a Difference: An Empirical Test of Corporate Culture’,Human Resource Management 24(3), pp. 293–310
Pratt, H.L. & Carrier, J.C. (2001). A review of elasmobranch reproductive behavior with a case study on the nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 60 (1–3): 157–188 DOI: 10.1023/A:1007656126281
Rogers, J. L. (2003). Preparing spiritual leaders: One teacher takes on the challenge. About Campus, 8(5), 19.
Salkind, N. J. (2006). Tests & measurement for people who (think they) hate tests &
measurement. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Sanders, J. E. (2003). Organizational spirituality: Encouraging meaning and interconnectedness in the workplace. Dissertation Abstracts International, 64(05), 1870A. (UMI No. 3092693)
Schreuder, AMG., & Coetzee, M. (2011). Careers: An organisational perspective. (4th edn).
Cape Town: Juta.
Sedikides, C., & Brewer, M. B. (2001a). Individual, relational, and collective self: partners, opponents, or strangers? In C. Sedikides & M. B. Brewer (Eds.), Individual self, relational self, collective self (pp. 1–4). Philadelphia: Psychology.
Tajfel, H. (1982). Social psychology of intergroup relations. Annual Review of Psychology, 33, 1-9.
Treloar, L. L. (2000). Integration of spirituality into health care practice by nurse practitioners. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 12(7), 280.
van Dick, R. 2001. Identification in organizational contexts: Linking theory and research from social and organizational psychology. International Journal of Management Reviews, 3: 265-283.
Walt, F. (2014). Workplace spirituality and job satisfaction. International Review of Psychiatry.
Wuthnow, R. (1998). After heaven: Spirituality in America since the 1950s. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Zare, E., & Beheshtifar, M. (2013). Effect of spirituality in workplace on job performance. J Contemp Res Bus, 5, 248-54.
Zukav, Gary (1989). The Seat of the Soul. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-25383-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31098/ijcbm.v1i1.3881
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Arnold Valencia Salcedo, Janet B Rita Lazatin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PUBLISHED BY:
LPPM UPN VETERAN YOGYAKARTA & RESEARCH SYNERGY FOUNDATION
International Journal of Creative Business and Management (IJCBM).
Mailing Address:
Gedung Rektorat Lt. 3
Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "VETERAN" Yogyakarta
Jl. SWK 104 (Lingkar Utara) Condong Catur, Yogyakarta. 55283 | Telp. (0274) 485268
Mailing Address:
Research Synergy Foundation
Jalan Nyaman no 31
Komplek Sinergi Antapani
Bandung 40291 - Indonesia.
Email:ijcbm.lppm@upnyk.ac.id
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.