KEBIJAKAN PERDANA MENTERI NARENDRA DAMODARDAS MODI DALAM PENANGANAN PEKERJA ANAK DI INDIA (2014-2023)

Ulfa Rezza Ramadhanti, Bastian Yunariono

Abstract


India menjadi salah satu negara dengan keberadaan pekerja anak tertinggi di dunia. Berbagai upaya penanganan telah dilakukan pemerintah India baik melalui pembentukan kebijakan maupun kerja sama dengan organisasi internasional seperti International Labour Organization (ILO) dan United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF). Pada era perdana menteri ke-14 India, Narendra Damodardas Modi, India membentuk sebuah reformasi kebijakan pekerja anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan Narendra Damodardas Modi dalam penanganan pekerja anak di India pada tahun 2014 hingga 2023, melalui teori instrumen kebijakan dari Schneider dan Ingram (1990). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui penelitian kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan penanganan pekerja anak pada era Narendra Modi memperlihatkan kemajuan yang lebih baik dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya. Pembentukan kebijakan untuk mengamandemen dua undang-undang yaitu Undang-Undang Perdilan Anak Tahun 2015 maupun Undang-Undang Pekerja Anak dan Remaja Tahun 1986. Amandemen tersebut berfokus pada perlindungan hak-hak anak, penentuan usia minimum untuk bekerja dan pemberian sanksi terhadap pelaku pelanggaran yang secara langsung berkaitan dengan penanganan pekerja anak. Pemerintah juga meratifikasi dua Konvensi ILO sebagai bentuk komitmen India dalam memerangi pekerja anak yaitu Konvensi ILO Nomor 138 mengenai Usia Minimum Tahun 1973 dan Konvensi ILO Nomor 182 mengenai Bentuk-Bentuk Pekerjaan Terburuk untuk Anak Tahun 1999.

Kata Kunci: Pekerja Anak, Kebijakan, Instrumen Kebijakan, India.


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31315/jpw.v4i2.12519

DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.31315/jpw.v4i2.12519.g6476

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