SOCIAL MEDIA SHUTDOWN: A POLITICAL AND CYBER SECURITIZATION OF INDONESIA’S 2019 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana proses Sekuritisasi yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia untuk mencegah penyebaran berita hoaks yang merajela periha l hasil Pemilihan Umum 2019. Berita hoaks tersebut membuat polarisasi publik hingga terjadi demonstrasi pada 21 - 22 Mei 2019 yang ditujukkan kepada Komisi P e milih a n U m u m ( K P U ) s e b a g ai m a nif e s t a si d a ri k e tid a k p e r c a y a a n p u b lik a t a s h a sil P e milu 2 0 1 9. Untuk memitigasi polarisasi publik dan menjaga stabilitas sosial dan politik negara, Pemerintah melalui Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informasi, menonaktifkan fitur - fitur tertentu seperti akses dan distribusi foto dan video di beberapa saluran media sosial untuk me ncegah penyebaran berita bohong . Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur dengan berbagai referensi ilmiah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sikap pro dan kontra terhadap kebijakan penonaktifan fitur dalam sosial media tersebut. Media sosial sebag ai saluran representasi baru bagi publik untuk menyuarakan aspirasi mereka diblokir oleh Pemerintah yang menganggap bahwa dis trib u si f o t o d a n vid e o s e p u t a r p e n ola k a n h a sil P e milu 2 0 1 9 d a p a t m e m p e r b u r u k s u a s a n a y a n g t ela h memanas sehingga fenomena itu diang gap sebagai ancaman eksistensial. Menanggapi hasil penelitian ini, pemerintah sebagai aktor sekuritisasi perlu mengevaluasi metode speech act mereka untuk mendapatkan legitimasi yang kuat dari publik sehingga wacana yang mengganggu agenda sekuritisasi dapa t dicegah oleh pemerintah.

Kata Kunci: Pemilihan Presiden 2019, Sekuritisasi, Penutupan Media Sosial

ABSTRACT

This study analyses how Securitization efforts by Indonesian Government to prevent the spreading of hoax news that was rampant as the result of General Election 2019. That hoax news made polarization of public until the demonstration happened on 21-22 May 2019 which addressed to General Election Commision (KPU) as manifestation of public’s distrust over the result of General Election 2019. To mitigate of polarization of public and to keep state’s social and political stablisation, Indonesian Government through The Ministry of Communication and Information was deactivated several features on social media such as access and distribution of photos and videos to prevent the spreading of hoax news. This study used literature review method. The result of this study indicated pro and contra responses towards the policy that deactivated several features on social media. Social media as a new channel of representation for public to voice their aspiration was blocked by Government which considers that distribution of photos and videos about the rejection of General Election 2019’s result would made worsen the atmosphere that has heated up so this phenomenon was considered as an existential threat. Responding to study result, Government as securitization actors should evaluate their speech act method to obtain strong legitimation from public so discource that disrupt securitization agenda could be countered by Government

Keywords: Indonesia presidential election, securitization, social media shutdown