Pengujian Karbon Teraktivasi Asam Sulfat (KA-AS) sebagai Katalis pada Reaksi Asetilasi Gliserol Menjadi Triasetin

Anisa Cahyani Aprilia, Ika Rahma Maulida, Nur Hidayati

Abstract


Tri acetyl glycerol or triacetin is one of the glycerol derivative products which can be used in various industries. The reaction of triacetin formation is an esterification reaction with glycerol and acetic acid. The esterification reaction of glycerol is slow reaction, therefore catalyst is needed to speed up the reaction. In this study, the acetin synthesis was carried out through esterification reaction  with glycerol and acetic acid using activated carbon catalyst. The temperature reaction was varied from 60 to 120oC and stirring speed was between 200 and 1000 rpm. The yield and conversion varied for different conditions, but in general, the conversion of acetin increased with time, temperature and stirring speed. The highest conversion was 79,18% and the selectivity is 21,31% monoacetin, 31,78% diacetin, and 46, 92%% triacetin which was obtained at a stirring speed of 1000 rpm at 120oC.

Keywords


glycerol, acetylation, triacetin, solid catalyst, activated carbon

References


Amelia R, Pandapotan H, Purwanto. Pembuatan dan karakterisasi katalis karbon aktif tersulfonasi sebagai katalis ramah lingkungan pada proses hidrolisis biomassa. Jurnal Teknologi Kimia dan Industri 2013; 2 (4): 146- 156.

Balaraju M, Nikhitha P, Jagadeeswaraiah K, Srilatha K, Sai Prasad P.S, Lingaiah N. Acetylation of glycerol to synthesize bioadditives over niobic acid supported tungstophosphoric acid catalysts. Fuel Processing Technology. Elsevier B.V. 2010; 91(2): 249–253.

Chandrakala U, Prasad RBN, Prabhavathi Devi BLA. Glycerol valorization as biofuel additives by employing a carbon-based solid acid catalyst derived from glycerol. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 2010; 53(42): 16164–16169.

Silaban DM, Helwani Z, Yenti SR. Esterifikasi gliserol sebagai produk samping biodiesel menjadi triacetin dengan menggunakan katalis zeolit alam pada variasi suhu reaksi dan konsentrasi katalis, JOM FTEKNIK. 2015; 2(2): 1–7.

Devitria R, Nurhayati, Anita S. Sintesis biodiesel dengan katalis heterogen lempung cengar yang diaktivasi dengan naoh : pengaruh waktu reaksi dan rasio molar minyak : metanol. J. Ind Che Acta. 2013; 3(2): 39–44.

Dosuna-Rodríguez I, Adriany C, Gaigneaux EM. Glycerol acetylation on sulphated zirconia in mild conditions. Catalysis Today. 2011; 167(1): 56–63.

Freese U, Heinrich F, Roessner F. Acylation of aromatic compounds on H-Beta zeolites. Catalysis Today. 1999; 49(1–3): 237–244.

Gangadwala J, Mankar S, Mahajani S, Kienle A, Stein S. Esterification of acetic acid with butanol in the presence of ion-exchange resins as catalysts. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 2003; 42(10): 2146–2155.

Gonçalves VLC, Pinto BP, Silva, J.C. Mota, C.J.A . Acetylation of glycerol catalyzed by different solid acids. Catalysis Today. 2008; 133–135(1–4): 673–677.

Inbae K, Jaesung K, Doohwan L. A comparative study on catalytic properties of solid acid catalysts for glycerol acetylation at low temperatures. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. Elsevier B.V. 2014; 148–149, pp. 295–303.

Khayoon MS, Hameed BH. Acetylation of glycerol to biofuel additives over sulfated activated carbon catalyst. Bioresource Technology. Elsevier Ltd. 2011; 102(19): 9229–9235

Kuang W, Rives A, Fournier M, Hubaut R, Structure and reactivity of silica-supported 12-tungstophosphoric acid. Applied Catalysis A: General. 2003; 250(2): 221–229.

Liao X, Zhu Y, Shengguang W, Yong-Wang L, Producing triacetylglycerol with glycerol by two steps: Esterification and acetylation. Fuel Processing Technology. Elsevier B.V. 2009; 90(7–8): 988–993.

López DE, Goodwin JG, Bruce DA, Transesterification of triacetin with methanol on Nafion® acid resins, Journal of Catalysis. 2007; 245(2): 381–391.

Melero JA, Grieken RV, Morales G, Paniagua M. Acidic mesoporous silica for the acetylation of glycerol: Synthesis of bioadditives to petrol fuel Energy and Fuels. 2007; 21(3): 1782–1791.

Mencinger J, Aristovnik A, Verbič M, The impact of growing public debt on economic growth in the European union. Amfiteatru Economic. 2014; 16(35): 403–414.

Munandar A, Krisdiyanto D, Artsanti P, Adsorpsi logam Pb dan Fe dengan zeolit alam teraktivasi asan sulfat. 2014; 6: 138–146.

Nuryoto, Sulistyo H, Rahayu SS, Sutijan. Uji performa katalisator resin penukar ion untuk pengolahan hasil samping pembuatan biodiesel menjadi triacetin. Seminar Rekayasa Kimia Dan Proses. 2010; pp. 1–5.

Nuryoto, Sulistyo H, Rahayu SS, Sutijan. Kinetika reaksi esterifikasi gliserol dengan asam asetat menggunakan katalisator indion 225 Na. Jurnal Rekayasa Proses. 2011; 5(2): 35–39.

Octave Levenspiel. Chemical Reaction Engineering. New York. 1999

Rahmat N, Abdullah AZ, Mohamed AR. Recent progress on innovative and potential technologies for glycerol transformation into fuel additives : A critical review. 2010; 14: 987–1000.

Reddy PS, Sudarsanam P, Gangadhara R, Reddy B. Synthesis of bio-additives: Acetylation of glycerol over zirconia-based solid acid catalysts. Catalysis Communications. Elsevier B.V. 2010; 11(15): 1224–1228.

Sari N, Helwani Z, Rionaldo H. Esterifikasi gliserol dari produk samping biodiesel menjadi triasetin menggunakan katalis zeolit alam. JOM FTEKNIK. 2015; 2(1): 1–7.

Setyaningsih L, Siddiq F, Pramezy A. Esterification of glycerol with acetic acid over lewatit catalyst. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2018; 154: 1-4

Silva LN, Gonçalves VLC, Mota CJA. Catalytic acetylation of glycerol with acetic anhydride. Catalysis Communications. Elsevier B.V. 2010; 11(12): 1036–1039.

Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 7182 SNI Biodiesel 2015, SNI. Edited by Komite Teknis 27-04 Bioenergi. Jakarta: BSN 2015.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.