ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN INDONESIA TERKAIT PENUNDAAN DALAM MERATIFIKASI ASEAN AGREEMENT ON TRANSBOUNDARY HAZE POLLUTION (AATHP) TAHUN 2002 – 2014

Nova Febriyani

Abstract


Masalah
Transboundary Haze Pollution (THP) telah terjadi sejak tahun 1980-an yang disebabkan oleh keba- karan hutan dan lahan gambut di Indonesia. Peristiwa kebakaran hutan di Indonesia tahun 1997, membuat isu THP bukan hanya sekedar masalah kejadian alam namun mulai menunjukkan tindakan sekuritisasi dari nega- ra-negara anggota ASEAN terutama Singapura dan Malaysia. Untuk mengatasi masalah THP maka pada ta- hun 2002 seluruh negara anggota ASEAN telah menandatangani perjanjian ASEAN Agreement on Trans- boundary Haze Pollution (AATHP) di mana setiap negara perlu meratifikasi perjanjian tersebut. Dengan had- irnya AATHP seharusnya disambut baik oleh Indonesia karena dapat membantu untuk menyelesaikan perma- salahan. Namun, Indonesia merupakan negara terakhir yang meratifikasi perjanjian AATHP. Fokus penelitian ini adalah alasan mengapa Indonesia menunda untuk meratifikasi AATHP dari tahun 2002 – 2014 padahal merupakan negara yang menjadi produsen kabut asap. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian, penulis men- gusulkan untuk membuat operasionalisasi konsep analisis kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia dengan dasar ar- gumentasi teoritik yaitu Foreign Polic y Analysis (FPA). Penulis membagi menjadi 2 (dua) fokus analisis yakni faktor internal yang mempengaruhi kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia diantaranya: (i) pembangunan ekonomi; (ii) kelompok kepentingan dan (iii) persaingan antar elit. Sedangkan faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi yai- tu (i) global, (ii) regional dan (iii) bilateral. Argumen utama dalam tulisan ini yaitu faktor internal merupakan penghambat utama Indonesia untuk meratifikasi perjanjian AATHP.

 

Kata kunci: Keamanan non tradisional, AATHP, Foreig n Policy Analysis, Kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia


References


Aggarwal dan Chow. 2010. “The Perils of Consensus: How ASEAN’s Meta-Regime Undermines Economic and Environmental Cooperation”. Reviev of International Political Economy , Vol 17, 2010 – Issue 2. Routledge Alden dan Aran. 2017. Foreign Policy Analysis New Approaches 2 nd Edition . Routledge. New York Atkinson, C. L. 2014. “Deforestation and Transboundary Haze in Indonesia: Path Dependence and Elite Influences”. Environment and Urbanization Asia , Vol. 5, No. 2. SAGE Publications Bastari, G.R. 2016. “Regionalisme Isu Lingkungan Asia Tenggara (1997-2000)”. Andalas Journal of Interna- tional Studies , Vol. 5 No. 1 Carlsnaes, W. 2012. “Actors, Structure and Foreign Policy Analysis”. Dalam Smith, Hadfield dan Dunne (Editor), Foreign Policy “Theories, Actors, Cases” 2 nd Edition . Oxford University Press Clarke dan White. 1995. Understanding Foreign Policy “The Foreign Policy Systems Approach”. Edward Elgar Publishing Limited. Inggris Hameiri dan Jones, L. 2013. “The Political and Governance of Non Traditional Security”. Journal of Interna- tional Studies Quarterly, Vol. 57, No. 3 Henriette, Litta. 2012. Regime in Southeast Asia ‘An Analysist of Environmental Cooperation’ . Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden Jerger, D.B. 2014. “Indonesia’s Role in Realizing the Goals of ASEAN’s Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution”. Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy , Vol. 14 No. 1 Jones, D.S. 2006. “ASEAN and Transboundary Haze Pollution in Southeast Asia”. ASEAN Journal of Political Science, Vol. 12, No. Laely, Alam dan Lipman. 2015. “The Influence of International Law upon ASEAN Approaches in Addressing Transboundary Haze Pollution in Southeast Asia”. Contemporary Southeast Asia, Vol. 37, No. 2 Lamont, C. 2015. Research Methods in International Relations . SAGE Publication Ltd 1st Edition Lian, K.K. 2012. “Transboundary and Global Environmental Issues: The Role of ASEAN”. Transnational Envi- ronmental Law, 1:1. Cambridge University Press Maxton, B. 2018. “Material Realities: Why Indonesian Deforestation Persists and Conservation Fails”. Jour- nal of Contemporary Asia , 48:3. Routledge

Nesadurai, H.E. 2017. “ASEAN Environmental Cooperation, Transnational Private Governance and the Haze: Overcoming the “Territorial Trap” of State Based Governance?”. Journal of Trans Regional and National Studies of Southeast Asia , Vol. 5 No. 1 Nguitragool, P. 2011. “Negotiating the Haze Treaty: Rationality and Institutions in the Negotiations for the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution (2002 ).” Asian Survey Vol. 51, No. 2. University of California Press Nurhidayah, Alam dan Lipman Z. 2015. “The Influence of International Law upon ASEAN Approaches in Addressing Transboundary Haze Pollution in Southeast Asia”. Contemporary Southeast Asia Vol. 37, No. 2 Quayle, L. 2013. “National and Regional Obligations, the Metaphor of Two-Level Games, and the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community”. Asian Politics and Policy , Vol. 5, No. 4, Willey Periodicals, Inc. Rum, M. 2016. “The Case of Regional Disaster Management Cooperation in ASEAN: A Constructivist Ap- proach to Understanding How International Norms Travel”. Southeast Asian Studies , Vol. 5 No. 3 Setiawan, Maryudi, Purwanto dan Lele. 2016. “Opposing Interests in the Legalization of Non Proocedural Forest Conversion to Oil Palm in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia”. Journal of Land Use Policy Vol. 58. Siddiqui dan Quah, E. 2004. “Modelling Transboundary Air Pollution in Southeast Asia: Policy Regime and the Role of Stakeholders”. Environmental and Planning , Vol. 36 issue 8. Suryani, A.S. 2012. Penanganan Kabut Asap Akibat Kebakaran Hutan di Wilayah Perbatasan Indonesia. Pusat Pengkajian, Pengolahan Data dan Informasi (P3DI). Sekretariat Jenderal DPR RI Varrkey, H. 2012. “Patronage Politics as a Driver of Economic Regionalisastion: the Indonesian Oil Palm Sector and Transboundary Haze”. Asia Pasific Viewpoint , Vol. 53, No. 3 Varkkey, H. 2013. “Malaysian Investors in the Indonesian Oil Palm Plantation Sector: Home State Facilita- tion and Transboundary Haze”. Asia Pasific Business Review , Vol. 19, No. 3 Varkkey, H. 2013. “Oil Palm Plantations and Transboundary Haze: Patronage Networks and Land Licensing in Indonesia’s Peatlands”. Society of Wetland Scientists . Springer Varkkey, H. 2014. “Regional Cooperation, Patronage and the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution”. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Vol. 14, No. 1. Springer Science and Bussiness Media Yani dan Robertua, V. 2018. “Environmental Studies of English School: Case Study of Forest Fires in Indo- nesia and Transboundary Haze in Southeast Asia”. Journal of ASEAN Studies , Vol. 6. No. 1 ----------. 2003. “Date of Ratification/Approval of ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution”. http://haze.asean.org/asean-agreement-on-transboundary-haze-pollution-2/. Diunduh 25 Mei 2019 ----------. 2012. “Pembangunan Kebun Sawit Lestari”. http://www.bumn.go.id/ptpn5/berita/9885. Diunduh 27 Mei 2019 ----------. 2014. “Pertumbuhan Areal Kelapa Sawit Meningkat”

http://ditjenbun.pertanian.go.id/berita-362-%09pertumbuhan-areal-kelapa-sawit-meningkat.html. Diunduh 27 Mei 2019 ----------. 2014. “Indonesia Meratifikasi UU tentang Pengesahan AATHP (Persetujuan ASEAN Tentang Pencemaran Asap Lintas Batas)” http://www.menlh.go.id/indonesia-meratifikasi-undang-undang-tentang-pengesahan-asean-agreement- on-transboundary-haze-pollution-persetujuan-asean-tentang-pencemaran-asap-lintas-batas/. Diunduh 25 Mei 2019




DOI: https://doi.org/10.31315/jsdk.v11i2.3136

DOI (PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)): https://doi.org/10.31315/jsdk.v11i2.3136.g2464

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


 

 Jurnal Studi Diplomasi dan Keamanan indexed by: