Production of Biodiesel from Coconut Waste by In-situ Transesterification Method and Catalyst Calcium Oxide

Afriando Ryan Maulana, Tutik Muji Setyoningrum

Abstract


Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engine that attracts the world attention. Indonesia is one of the biggest coconut producers in the world. Coconut meat waste is known to still contain up to 24% wt of vegetable oil. The potential of this coconut waste can be used for producing biodiesel that has economical value. This research uses coconut waste as the main raw material. The biodiesel production process is carried out by in-situ transesterification method with methanol as the solvent and reactant; and calcium oxide powder as the catalyst. The catalyst is activated by stirring and heating in methanol. The oil percentage in the coconut waste obtained from soxhletation is 20 % wt. The ratio of methanol to coconut waste of 12.5:1 (v/w) and catalyst to coconut waste of 3.5 % wt results the biodiesel yield of 96.43 % mol. The biodiesel flash point at this variable is 116 °C. This value has met the Badan Standar Nasional (BSN) standard

Keywords


biodisel; ampas kelapa; transesterifikasi in-situ; kalsium oksida; metanol

References


Badan Standar Nasional. 2015. Biodiesel. Jakarta: BSN. www.bsn.go.id. Diakses pada tanggal 22 Februari 2017.

Choo, Yuen May. 2004. Transesterification of Palm Oil: Effect of Reaction Parameters. Journal of Oil Palm Research 16 (2): 1-11.

Fiedler, Eckhard, et al. 2002. Methanol. Ullman’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

Friedrich, Stephan. 2004. A World Wide Review of The Commercial Production of Biodiesel – A Technological, Economic, and Ecological Investigation Based on Case Studies. Wien: Wirtschaftsuniversität.

Georgianni, K. G. et al. 2008. Conventional and In Situ Transesterification of Sunflower Seed Oil for The Production of Biodiesel. Fuel Processing Technology 89: 503-509.

Gerpen, J. Van, B. Shanks, dan R. Pruszko. 2004. Biodiesel Analytical Methods. United State: National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

Haas, M. J. et al. 2004. In Situ Alkaline Transesterification: An Effective Method for The Production of Fatty Acid Esters from Vegetable Oils. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 8(1): 83-89.

Hakeem, Khalid Rehman, Mohammad Jawaid, Umer Rashid. 2014. Biomass and Bioenergy Applications. Springer International Publishing Switzerland.

Kenny, Martyn dan Tony Oates. Lime and Limestone. Ullman’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

Kouzu, Masato dan Jyu-suke Hidaka. 2012. Transesterification of Vegetable Oil Into Biodiesel Catalyzed by CaO: A Review. Fuel 93: 1-12.

Kusumaningtyas, Nur Widi. 2011. Proses Esterifikasi Transesterifikasi In Situ Minyak Sawit dalam Tanah Pemucat Bekas untuk Proses Produksi Biodiesel. Skripsi. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Liu, Xueju, dkk. 2008. Transesterification of Soybean Oil to Biodiesel Using CaO as A Solid Base Catalyst. Fuel 87: 216-221.

Ma, Fangrui dan Milford A. Hanna. 1999. Biodiesel Production: A Review. Bioresource Technology 70: 1-15.

Meher, L.C., D. Vidya Sagar, dan S.N. Naik. 2006. Techical Aspects of Biodiesel Production by Transesterification – A Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 10: 248-268.

Murti, Galuh wirama, Nurdiah Rahmawati, Septiana Is Heriyanti, dan Zulaiha Dwi Hastuti. 2015. Optimasi Proses Produksi Biodiesel Dari Minyak Kelapa Sawit dan Jarak Pagar Dengan Menggunakan Katalis Heterogen Kalsium Oksida. Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan. Vol. 11,no. 2, hal. 91-100.

Noorzalila, M. N. Dan M. A. Nurul Asikin. 2016. Synthesis of Biodiesel from Coconut Waste via In-situ Transesterification. Iranica Journal of Energy and Environment 7(2): 109-113.

Noureddini, H. dan D. Zhu. 1997. Kinetics of Transesterification of Soybean Oil. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, Vol. 74, no. 11, hal. 1457-1463.

Patil, Vishwanath, Khanh-Quang Tran, dan Hans Ragnar Giselrod. 2008. Towards Sustainable Production of Biofuel from Microalgae. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 9: 1188-1195.

Putri, Meddiati Fajri. 2010. Tepung Ampas Kelapa pada Umur Panen 11-12 Bulan Sebagai Bahan Pangan Sumber Kesehatan. Jurnal Kompetensi Teknik, Vol. I, no. 2.

Qian, Junfeng et al. 2008. In Situ Alkaline Transesterification of Cottonseed Oil for Production of Biodiesel and Nontoxic Cottonseed Meal. Bioresource Technology 99: 9009-9012.

Sahirman. 2009. Perancangan Proses Produksi Biodiesel dari Minyak Biji Nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum L.). Disertasi. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.

ScienceLab.com, Inc. Calcium Oxide MSDS. www.sciencelab.com. Diakses pada tanggal 13 Mei 2017.

ScienceLab.com, Inc. Methyl Alcohol MSDS. www.sciencelab.com. Diakses pada tanggal 24 Februari 2017.

Sharma, Y. C., B. Singh, dan S.N. Upadhyay. 2008. Advancements in Development and Characterization of Biodiesel: A Review. Fuel 87: 2355-2373.

Shiu, Pei-Jing et al. 2010. Biodiesel Production from Rice Bran by A Two-Step In Situ Process. Bioresource Technology 101: 984-989.

Sulaiman, Sarina, A.R. Abdul Aziz, dan Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua. 2010. Coconut Waste as a Source for Biodiesel Production. International Conference on Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering (2nd).

Sulaiman, Sarina, A.R. Abdul Aziz, dan Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua. 2013. Reactive Extraction of Solid Coconut Waste to Produce Biodiesel. Journal of The Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 44: 233-238.

Winarso, L. et al. 1998. Operation Hand Out. Bontang: PT. Kaltim Methanol Industry.

Zhu, Huaping, et al. 2006. Preparation of Biodiesel Catalyzed by Solid Super Base of Calcium Oxide and Its Refining Process. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, vol. 7, issue 5: 391 – 396.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.31315/e.v16i1.2526

Refbacks

Article Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Metrics powered by PLOS ALM


Eksergi p-ISSN  1410-394X, e-ISSN 2460-8203,  is published by "Prodi Teknik Kimia UPN Veteran Yogyakarta".

Contact  Jl. SWK 104 (Lingkar Utara) Condong catur Sleman Yogyakarta

 

 Creative Commons License

Eksergi by http://jurnal.upnyk.ac.id/index.php/eksergi/index/ is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 

 

Lihat Statistik Jurnal Kami